Kubernates road map

Kubernetes Roadmap

Core Components

• Cluster: A group of machines managed by a control plane.
• Service: Expose an app running on Pods.

  apiVersion: v1
  kind: Service
  metadata:
    name: my-service
  spec:
    selector:
      app: MyApp
    ports:
      - protocol: TCP
        port: 80
        targetPort: 9376
            

• Pods: The smallest deployable unit.

  apiVersion: v1
  kind: Pod
  metadata:
    name: nginx-pod
  spec:
    containers:
    - name: nginx
      image: nginx
            

Stateful Application & Data Management

• Stateful Application: Apps requiring persistent data.

  apiVersion: apps/v1
  kind: StatefulSet
  metadata:
    name: mysql
  spec:
    serviceName: mysql
    replicas: 3
    selector:
      matchLabels:
        app: mysql
            

• Persistent Volume Claim: Attach persistent storage.

  apiVersion: v1
  kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
  metadata:
    name: my-pvc
  spec:
    accessModes:
      - ReadWriteOnce
    resources:
      requests:
        storage: 1Gi
            

Networking

• Service Mesh: Use Istio for microservices management.
• Network Policy: Restrict traffic to a pod.

  apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
  kind: NetworkPolicy
  metadata:
    name: allow-frontend
  spec:
    podSelector:
      matchLabels:
        app: frontend
    policyTypes:
      - Ingress
    ingress:
    - from:
      - podSelector:
          matchLabels:
            app: backend
            

Security and Identity Management

• RBAC: Create read-only permissions for pods.

  apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
  kind: Role
  metadata:
    namespace: default
    name: pod-reader
  rules:
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["pods"]
    verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
            

Monitoring and Observability

• Prometheus: Monitor cluster metrics.
• Grafana: Visualize metrics with dashboards.

Infrastructure and Control Plane

• Node: A worker machine in the Kubernetes cluster.
• Control Plane: Manages the cluster state.
• Kubectl: CLI tool for managing Kubernetes resources.

  kubectl get pods
  kubectl apply -f deployment.yaml
  kubectl delete pod pod-name
          

Package Management and Configuration

• Helm: Package management for Kubernetes.

  helm install my-release bitnami/nginx
          

• Kustomize: Manage declarative configurations.

  apiVersion: apps/v1
  kind: Deployment
  metadata:
    name: my-app
  resources:
    replicas: 2
    namePrefix: staging-
          

Auto Scaling & Load Balancing

• Horizontal Pod Autoscaling: Scale pods based on CPU/memory.

  apiVersion: autoscaling/v1
  kind: HorizontalPodAutoscaler
  metadata:
    name: php-apache
  spec:
    scaleTargetRef:
      apiVersion: apps/v1
      kind: Deployment
      name: php-apache
    minReplicas: 1
    maxReplicas: 10
    targetCPUUtilizationPercentage: 50
          

• Load Balancer: Distribute traffic across pods.

Backup, Restore, and Disaster Recovery

• Velero: Backup and restore cluster resources and volumes.

  velero install --provider aws --bucket my-bucket --region us-west-2
          

• Persistent Volumes: Attach storage for stateful apps.

Service Mesh

• Istio: Manage microservices traffic.

  apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
  kind: VirtualService
  metadata:
    name: my-service
  spec:
    hosts:
    - "*"
    http:
    - route:
      - destination:
          host: my-service.default.svc.cluster.local
          port:
            number: 8080
          

Kubernetes Security

• Pod Security Policies: Restrict pod capabilities.

  apiVersion: policy/v1beta1
  kind: PodSecurityPolicy
  metadata:
    name: restricted
  spec:
    privileged: false
    runAsUser:
      rule: MustRunAsNonRoot
          

• RBAC: Manage access permissions.

Monitoring & Optimization

• Prometheus: Cluster monitoring.
• Horizontal Pod Autoscaler: Scale based on metrics.
• Grafana: Visualize metrics.

Work in the Cloud

• AWS EKS: Deploy Kubernetes on AWS.

  eksctl create cluster --name my-cluster --region us-west-2
          

• Google GKE: Use Kubernetes on GCP.

Stateful vs Stateless Applications

• StatefulSet: Use for apps like databases.

  apiVersion: apps/v1
  kind: StatefulSet
  metadata:
    name: redis
  spec:
    serviceName: redis
    replicas: 3
    selector:
      matchLabels:
        app: redis
          

• Stateless: Use for web servers or microservices.

Continuous Integration & Deployment

• GitOps with ArgoCD: Automate deployments.

  argocd app create my-app \
    --repo https://github.com/example.git \
    --path /app \
    --dest-namespace default \
    --dest-server https://kubernetes.default.svc